Alkenes can be used in many sorts of organic reactions, and here is another use in the introduction of alcohol groups onto a molecule. A 1,2-diol is an organic molecule with two adjacent alcohol groups, as seen in the image below, and it is made through the reaction of an alkene with Osmium Tetroxide and a weak base, such as pyridine. Then there will be a workup of water and sodium bisulfite to protinate the alcohol groups. As seen below, highlighted in blue, the oxygen atoms come from the same osmium tetroxide molecule, resulting in the alcohol groups being syn to one another (being on the same side of the molecule).
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